Despite rigorous, contemporary methodology, pathogens are not identified in the majority of CAP cases. In addition, viruses play a role greater than previously recognized and were detected almost twice as frequently as bacteria. This study indicates a need for a host-based approach which does not depend on a specific pathogen, such as BioAegis’ plasma gelsolin program. The BioAegis team has embarked on a study with some of the EPIC investigators to study the significance of gelsolin levels at CAP presentation.